Total cholesterol and oxysterols: Early markers for cognitive decline in elderly?
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Neurobiol Aging. 2007 Sep 19; [Epub ahead of print]
van den Kommer TN, Dik MG, Comijs HC, Fassbender K, Lutjohann D, Jonker C.
Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, EMGO Institute, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
In this prospective study we examined whether total cholesterol and the oxysterols 24S- and 27-hydroxycholesterol were related to cognitive performance and rate of cognitive decline in elderly, and whether these associations were modified by ApoE varepsilon4. Data were collected during 6 years of follow-up as part of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (N=1181, age >/=65 years), and analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Cognitive performance was measured with the mini-mental state examination (general cognition), the auditory verbal learning test (memory) and the coding task (information processing speed). Lower cholesterol at baseline was negatively associated with both general cognition (p=.012) and information processing speed (p=.045). ApoE modified the association between cholesterol and cognitive decline, and the association between the ratio of 27-hydroxycholesterol to cholesterol and cognitive functioning. In ApoE varepsilon4 carriers, lower cholesterol was related to a higher rate of decline on information processing speed (p=.006), and a higher ratio of 27-hydroxycholesterol to cholesterol was related to a lower level of general performance (p=.002) and memory functioning (p=.045). The results implicate that lower total cholesterol may be considered as a frailty marker, predictive of lower cognitive functioning in elderly.
PubMed ID and Record
Neurobiol Aging. 2007 Sep 19; [Epub ahead of print]
van den Kommer TN, Dik MG, Comijs HC, Fassbender K, Lutjohann D, Jonker C.
Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, EMGO Institute, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
In this prospective study we examined whether total cholesterol and the oxysterols 24S- and 27-hydroxycholesterol were related to cognitive performance and rate of cognitive decline in elderly, and whether these associations were modified by ApoE varepsilon4. Data were collected during 6 years of follow-up as part of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (N=1181, age >/=65 years), and analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Cognitive performance was measured with the mini-mental state examination (general cognition), the auditory verbal learning test (memory) and the coding task (information processing speed). Lower cholesterol at baseline was negatively associated with both general cognition (p=.012) and information processing speed (p=.045). ApoE modified the association between cholesterol and cognitive decline, and the association between the ratio of 27-hydroxycholesterol to cholesterol and cognitive functioning. In ApoE varepsilon4 carriers, lower cholesterol was related to a higher rate of decline on information processing speed (p=.006), and a higher ratio of 27-hydroxycholesterol to cholesterol was related to a lower level of general performance (p=.002) and memory functioning (p=.045). The results implicate that lower total cholesterol may be considered as a frailty marker, predictive of lower cognitive functioning in elderly.
PubMed ID and Record
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